Edward Louis Bernays (November 22, 1891 - March 9, 1995) was an American pioneer in the field of public relations and propaganda. A nephew of Sigmund Freud, Bernays touted the idea that "The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society." His books include Crystallizing Public Opinion (1923), Propaganda (1928), Public Relations (1945) and The Engineering of Consent (1955). The following recording was made in 1986.