George Catlett Marshall Jr. (December 31, 1880 - October 16, 1959) rose to become Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army during World War II under Presidents FDR and Truman, later serving as Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense under Truman. As Secretary of State, Marshall advocated for a U.S. economic and political commitment to post-war European recovery, including the Marshall Plan that bore his name. In recognition of this work, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953, the only Army general ever to receive the honor.