'The Final Problem' is a Sherlock Holmes short story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, first published in The Strand Magazine in the UK and McClure's in the US in December 1893. The story, set in 1891, introduces Holmes's arch-nemesis, Professor Moriarty, and was originally intended to mark the detective's death. Doyle later revived Holmes for further stories. In the narrative, Holmes confides in Watson about his pursuit of Moriarty's criminal network and the threats he faces, leading to a dramatic confrontation.