What if the answer to the youth mental health crisis isn’t less screen time—but instead, more independence?

We have spent the last few decades laser-focused on improving safety for children. We have supervised them more, and made their lives more achievement-oriented, with the good intentions of helping them find success in the increasingly competitive adult world. But what if all that protection is part of the reason kids are now struggling?

In Restoring Childhood, author, researcher, and psychology professor Peter Gray argues that children need something that seems to be missing from modern childhood: the freedom to play, explore, solve problems, and take age-appropriate risks without adults constantly directing them. When we assume children are fragile, it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Overprotection leads to increased rates of anxiety and depression in children; but, as Restoring Childhood shows, independence builds children’s confidence, resilience, and emotional strength.

Restoring Childhood is a radical examination of how certain societal trends—from round-the-clock news coverage, to increasing reliance on cars, to the introduction of Common Core, to growing wealth inequality—conspired to create a fundamentally anti-child environment. And if we continue to tighten the leash on our kids, no amount of screen-time restriction will reverse the alarming mental health crisis we see our kids enduring today.

We must restore childhood to children. We must, individually and collectively, prioritize adult-free play, and the time and space for it—in our schools, in our neighborhoods, and as parents.

* This audiobook edition includes a downloadable PDF of key charts, tables, and graphs from the book.